我国部分三级综合医院护理质量管理组织架构调查与分析

目的调查我国三级综合医院护理质量管理组织架构。方法对全国85所医院相关护理人员进行问卷调查,并采用半结构式访谈法对其中11所医院护理质量管理专家进行访谈。结果90.6%的医院护理质量管理采用三级管理;85所医院均设有护理质量管理委员会,其中9.4%的委员会中缺少护士长参与,54.1%的护理质量管理委员会由护理队伍独立组成;访谈资料归纳出3个主题为;护理质量管理组织架构和运行方式较成熟,但仍需改进;希望多部门共同参与护理质量管理以及对目前护理质量管理组织架构的建议。结论建议优化护理质量管理三级模式和运行方式,建立多部门合作机制.鼓励护士长参与质量控制,并根据医院自身实际调整护理质量管理架构,以促进护理质量持续改进。     

Prediction of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer: comparison between shear-wave elastography based ultrasomics and MRI

PURPOSEWe aimed to explore the diagnostic efficiency of shear-wave elastography (SWE) ultrasomics in the preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in rectal cancer.METHODSThis study included 87 patients with pathologically confirmed rectal cancer, with data gathered from August 2017 to August 2018. A total of 1044 ultrasomics features of rectal tumor were collected with AK software from the SWE examinations. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used for feature selection and building a SWE ultrasomics signature. The diagnostic performance was evaluated with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Then, the diagnostic performance of the SWE ultrasomics signature was compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).RESULTSOf the 87 patients, 40 (46.0%) had LN metastasis. Thirteen ultrasomics features of rectal tumor were selected as the most significant features. The SWE ultrasomics signature correlated with LN metastasis (p < 0.001). Patients with LN metastasis had higher signature than patients without LN metastasis. In terms of diagnostic performance, SWE ultrasomics signature was significantly superior to MRI (AUC, 0.883 vs. 0.760, p = 0.034). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of SWE ultrasomics signature were 82.8%, 87.5%, 78.8%, 77.8%, and 88.1%, respectively, while those of MRI were 75.9%, 77.5%, 74.5%, 72.1%, and 79.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSWE ultrasomics is a more accurate predictive method for identifying LN metastasis preoperatively than MRI. Thus, SWE ultrasomics might be used to better guide preoperative individual therapies for patients with rectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth frequent cause of cancer death worldwide; approximately one-third of these tumors is rectal cancer (1). Accurate identification of lymph node (LN) involvement is important in determining whether rectal cancer patients require preoperative neoadjuvant therapy (2, 3). Therefore, accurate prediction of LN metastasis can provide valuable information and is crucial for treatment decisions and prognosis (4).According to ESGAR guidelines (European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology) 2016 recommendations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard for rectal cancer staging (3, 5–7). However, MRI is not perfect for determination of LNs status, and the criteria used to indicate LN metastasis may vary in different institutions (8). A meta-analysis found MRI to be 77% sensitive (95% CI, 69%–84%) and 71% specific (95% CI, 59%–81%) for detection of LN involvement (9). In addition, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is also a widely used method for patients with rectal cancer, but the accuracy of EUS to identify LN involvement is inferior to that of both computed tomography (CT) and MRI because of a lack of visualization of the entire mesorectum and the difficulty in accurately distinguishing benign from malignant nodes based only on the shape, echo feature and size criterion (10–13). Given these limitations, neither MRI nor EUS is an ideal method for diagnosing LN status in rectal cancer.Radiomics, extracted from CT, MRI, or positron emission tomography images, uses a set of quantitative features to describe the geometrical structure, intensity distribution and texture of a region of interest (ROI). These features include shape, edge, and texture metrics, which can provide important insights into the tumor phenotype and the interaction of the tumor with its microenvironment (14, 15). Similarly, we have applied the concept to computing quantitative ultrasound imaging, a term defined as “ultrasomics” (16). Shear-wave elastography (SWE), an ultrasound elastography technique that provides a real-time two-dimensional (2D) quantifiable image of tissue stiffness (17), has emerged as an efficient tool in detection of malignancies. The report of Wang et al. (18) confirmed that the deep learning of elastography showed a better prediction of liver fibrosis staging compared with transient elastography, 2D-SWE, and serological examinations. Therefore, SWE-based ultrasomics has a promising future in staging and prediction.To our knowledge, there has been no study that combines SWE and ultrasomics to predict the LN metastasis. In order to build a robust model, we hypothesized that SWE ultrasomics could be a better option in LN status prediction of colorectal cancer patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of LN metastasis identification before surgical resection using SWE ultrasomics of primary tumor and compare it with MRI.     

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by 2-D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of 2-D speckle tracking imaging in assessing left ventricular diastolic function in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). A total of 98 CTD patients and 32 healthy controls were prospectively recruited. Early (E) and late (A) diastolic velocities of the transmitral flow were measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Peak early diastolic myocardial velocity (E') was calculated on tissue Doppler echocardiography. The longitudinal strain rate (SR) was calculated as the average of three apical views, while circumferential and radial SRs were measured in three short-axis views. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) >36 mm Hg. Compared with the control group, CTD patients exhibited significant impairment of left ventricular diastolic function, manifested as lower global SR during early diastole (SRe) in the longitudinal deformation and higher E/SRe in both longitudinal and radial deformation. CTD-PAH patients had significantly lower SRe and higher E/SRe values in both the longitudinal and radial deformation compared with the patients with CTD without PAH. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that sPAP levels correlated positively with E/E′, longitudinal E/SRe, circumferential E/SRe and radial SRe, and it correlated negatively with septal E′ and radial E/SRe. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that E/E′, longitudinal E/SRe and radial SRe could be used to predict PAH. The present study indicates that 2-D speckle tracking imaging is a useful method for evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function, and these derived parameters can serve as good predictors of PAH, but it may not be superior to the commonly used E/E′ in CTD patients.     

改良Duplay术和Duckett术在儿童中重度尿道下裂中的临床应用比较

目的 比较改良分期尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术（改良Duplay术）和一期横形带蒂岛状包皮皮瓣尿道成形术（Duckett术）治疗儿童中重度尿道下裂的疗效。方法 收集81例中重度尿道下裂患儿的临床资料,根据术式不同分为改良Duplay术式组45例和Duckett术式组36例。比较2组的手术时间、出血量、住院费用、术后并发症和患儿家属对手术的满意度及治愈率。结果 与Duckett术式组比较,改良Duplay术式组的手术时间较短,尿道狭窄和尿道憩室的发生率较低（P均< 0.05）。2组的出血量、住院费用、尿瘘和龟头裂开的发生率和治愈率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。Duckett术式组患儿家属对手术的满意度高于改良Duplay术式组患儿家属对一期手术的满意度（P < 0.05）,与改良Duplay术式组患儿家属对二期手术的满意度相近（P > 0.05）。结论 改良Duplay术治疗中重度尿道下裂手术时间短、尿道狭窄和尿道憩室的发生率低,其临床应用优于Duckett术。     

大量饮酒及乙醇戒断后对大鼠脑内维生素C 水平的影响

目的 研究大量饮酒4 d及乙醇戒断后大鼠脑脊液中及各重要脑区内维生素C（VC）水平 及钠依赖性VC 转运体2（SVCT2）蛋白水平的变化。方法 30 只健康Wistar 大鼠随机分为5 组，对照组 （A 组）、大量饮酒4 d（B 组）、大量饮酒4 d 后戒断1 d（C 组）、大量饮酒4 d 后戒断2 d（D组）、大量饮酒 4 d后戒断7 d（E组），每组6只。B、C、D、E组大鼠大量灌胃给予乙醇4 d，乙醇浓度为25% W/V，每8小时 灌胃1次，连续4 d；A组给予等体积蒸馏水。采用Y迷宫实验评价大鼠的空间工作记忆能力；以高效液相- 电化学法（HPLC-ECD）检测大鼠脑脊液及前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、颞叶皮质、海马脑区内细胞内VC 含量， 免疫印迹法检测大鼠各脑区内SVCT2蛋白水平的变化。结果 （1）Y迷宫实验： C、D组大鼠自发交替反应 率分别为（24.64±15.11）% 和（41.48±13.01）%，均显著低于A 组［（75.47±8.61）%］； E 组大鼠的自发交替 反应率恢复接近正常［（61.64±11.51）%］，与A 组差异无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）。（2）脑脊液内VC 含量：B 组大鼠脑脊液内VC 含量为（204.54±25.51）μmol/L，显著高于A 组［（145.57±18.98）μmol/L］， 而C、D 组 大鼠脑脊液内VC 水平［分别为（90.24±15.45）、（86.93±14.53）μmol/L］明显低于A、B 组，差异均有统计 学意义（均P＜ 0.001）；E 组大鼠脑脊液中VC 含量［（135.80±17.16） μmol/L］与A 组间差异无统计学意义 （P＞ 0.05）。（3）各脑区内VC 水平：B 组前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、海马脑区脑组织匀浆（细胞内）VC 水 平变化趋势相同［分别为（1.18±0.13）、（1.14±0.12）、（1.20±0.20）μmol/g］，均显著低于A 组［分别为 （1.64±0.11）、（1.62±0.13）、（2.06±0.27）μmol/g］；C 组在乙醇戒断后，前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、海马脑区 细胞内VC 水平［分别为（1.20±0.29）、（1.05±0.06）、（1.21±0.15）μmol/g］有所恢复，但仍明显低于A 组 （均P＜ 0.01）；C组大鼠颞叶皮质细胞内VC水平［（1.37±0.04）μmol/g］显著高于顶叶皮质（P＜0.05）；D组 各脑区细胞内VC水平均有回升趋势，前额叶皮质细胞内VC水平显著高于顶叶皮质［（1.63±0.24）μmol/g 比（1.26±0.16）μmol/g，P＜0.05］；E组前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、颞叶皮质、海马区细胞内VC水平［分别为 （1.72±0.19）、（1.43±0.22）、（1.67±0.19）、（1.86±0.22）μmol/g］均较B组显著升高（均P＜0.01），逐渐恢复至正 常水平，海马区VC水平显著高于顶叶皮质（P＜0.05）。（4）Western blot结果显示，与A组比较，B、C、D组大 鼠前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质及C、D、E组大鼠海马区的SVCT2蛋白均显著升高（均P＜0.05）。结论 大量饮 酒4 d可致大鼠脑损伤，乙醇干预后大鼠脑脊液中及各脑区脑组织匀浆中VC水平呈现负相关的变化过程， 此过程中SVCT2蛋白表达上调，这将有助于脑脊液内的VC被转运至各脑区神经元内发挥抗氧化作用。     

肠道微生物群衍生的代谢产物调控结直肠癌的新进展

肠道生态系统的改变会影响人类的健康,甚至引发结直肠癌。大量证据表明,在结直肠癌患者的肠道中普遍存在一种病理性微生物群失衡状态,失衡的微生物群衍生的代谢产物也会影响结直肠癌的发生发展。本文综述了由特定肠道微生物群代谢产物触发结直肠癌进程的方式,总结了肠道微生物群代谢产物对结直肠癌贡献的最新进展,并考虑代谢产物的积累效应以及多种代谢产物相结合的方式来预测和预防结直肠癌。     

虚拟视频刺激下同步辅助运动对脑血管病患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨虚拟视频刺激下同步辅助运动对脑血管病患者生活质量的影响.方法 回顾性分析60例脑血管病患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式不同分为常规组和观察组.常规组30例患者采用同步辅助运动,包括促通技术、推拿及针灸,观察组30例患者在常规组的基础上配合虚拟视频进行刺激治疗,均康复治疗3个月.采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能积分法评价2组患者肢体运动功能,Holden步行能力评定量表评估步行功能,Barthel指数评定日常生活能力,比较2组不同评分的差异.结果 治疗前,2组Fugl-Meyer评分、Holden步行能力评分、Barthel指数评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后,2组Fugl-Meyer评分、Holden步行能力评分、Barthel指数评分均升高,且观察组各评分均高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 虚拟视频下恐惧刺激结合同步辅助运动存在一定的可行性,能够改善脑血管病患者肢体功能障碍,提高步行功能,提升日常生活能力.     

Deletion of Krüppel-like factor-4 promotes axonal regeneration in mammals

Axonal regeneration plays an important role in functional recovery after nervous system damage. However, after axonal injury in mammals, regeneration is often poor. The deletion of Krüppel-like factor-4 (Klf4) has been shown to promote axonal regeneration in retinal ganglion cells. However, the effects of Klf4 deletion on the corticospinal tract and peripheral nervous system are unknown. In this study, using a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, we show that the expression of Klf4 in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons was significantly reduced after peripheral axotomy, suggesting that the regeneration of the sciatic nerve is associated with Klf4. In vitro, dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons with Klf4 knockout exhibited significantly enhanced axonal regeneration. Furthermore, the regeneration of the sciatic nerve was enhanced in vivo following Klf4 knockout. Finally, AAV-Cre virus was used to knockout the Klf4 gene in the cortex. The deletion of Klf4 enhanced regeneration of the corticospinal tract in mice with spinal cord injury. Together, our findings suggest that regulating KLF4 activity in neurons is a potential strategy for promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery after nervous system injury. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at Soochow University, China (approval No. SUDA20200316A01).

Chinese Library Classification No.R456; R741; Q344+.14     

Prognostic and immunological roles of Fc fragment of IgG binding protein in colorectal cancer

Valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Previous studies have reported altered expression of a mucin-like protein Fc fragment of IgG binding protein (FCGBP) in various types of cancer, but its potential diagnostic, prognostic and immunological roles in CRC remain to be determined. Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the potential roles of FCGBP in CRC. The present study investigated FCGBP mutations and changes in its expression levels using a combination of microarray and public dataset analyses, as well as immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated a 10.5% mutation frequency in the FCGBP coding sequence in CRC tissues, and identified decreased FCGBP mRNA or protein expression levels in colorectal adenoma and CRC (compared with those in normal colorectal tissues from healthy control subjects), including pathologically advanced CRC (stage III+IV vs. I+II). Survival analysis using the GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases revealed that low FCGBP expression levels were associated with short overall, disease-free, relapse-free and event-free survival times in patients with CRC. Notably, analysis using the online Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource database revealed a positive correlation between FCGBP expression levels and the extent of infiltrating immune cells, such as B cells and dendritic cells. Consistently, the expression levels of most markers (51/57) for various types of immune cells were significantly correlated with FCGBP expression levels in CRC tissues. These findings suggested that FCGBP may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and that FCGBP may be associated with immune infiltration in CRC.